Healing Trauma's Invisible Wounds

Mental Health Month Raises Awareness of Trauma and Impact on Children, Families, Communities:
Healing the Invisible Wounds 

This May is Mental Health Month, the Ohio Psychological Association's Committee on Social Responsibility is raising awareness of trauma, the devastating impact it has on physical, emotional, and mental well-being, and how therapeutic techniques based in neuroscience can mitigate these effects and create dramatic changes in people’s lives.

A traumatic event—which threatens our lives, our safety or our personal integrity—can affect us profoundly.

“Most people think that “trauma” refers to physical trauma that occurs as a result of a car accident or assault,” said Kathleen Ashton, Ph.D., Psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic. “But it’s much more than that.”

Trauma includes:

• Interpersonal violence – such as abuse, rape, domestic violence, and bullying;
• Social violence — such as war, terrorism, and living under oppressive political regimes;
• Natural disasters and accidents — such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, and auto crashes;
• Serving in combat;
• Chronic social stressors – such as racism, sexism, poverty, humiliation and cultural dislocation;
• Childhood trauma—including physical, emotional and sexual abuse; emotional and physical neglect; a parent who’s an alcoholic or addicted to other drugs; a mother who’s been battered; a family member in prison or diagnosed with mental illness; and a loss of a parent through divorce or abandonment.

Trauma has tremendous human and societal costs. Trauma is the leading cause of the death of children in this country. The effect of trauma on productive life years lost exceeds that of any other disease. The economic cost of 50 million injuries in the year 2000, alone, was $406 billion. This includes estimates of $80 billion in medical care costs, and $326 billion in productivity losses. And the predicted cost to the health care system from interpersonal violence and abuse ranges between $333 billion and $750 billion annually, or nearly 17 to 37.5 percent of total health care expenditures.

“As a society, we are just beginning to deal with trauma—bringing it out of the shadows, finding new ways of healing its wounds, and casting off the shame that prevents trauma survivors from seeking help,” said Dr. Ashton.

When children or adults respond to these traumas with fear, horror and/or helplessness, the extreme stress is toxic to their brains and bodies, and overwhelms their ability to cope, Dr. Ashton said. While many people who experience a traumatic event are able to move on with their lives without lasting negative effects, others may have more difficulty managing their responses to trauma.

Unresolved trauma can manifest in many ways, including anxiety disorders, panic attacks, intrusive memories (flashbacks), obsessive-compulsive behaviors, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, addictions, self-injury and a variety of physical symptoms. Trauma increases health-risk behaviors such as overeating, smoking, drinking and risky sex. Trauma survivors can become perpetrators themselves.
Dr. Ashton said unaddressed trauma can significantly increase the risk of mental and substance use disorders, suicide, chronic physical ailments, as well as premature death.

Until recently, trauma survivors were largely unrecognized by the formal treatment system. The costs of trauma and its aftermath to victims and society were not well documented. Inadvertently, treatment systems may have frequently re-traumatized individuals and failed to understand the impact of traumatic experiences on general and mental health.

“Today, the causes of trauma—sexual abuse, violence in families and neighborhoods, and the impact of war, for example—are matters of public concern,” said Dr. Ashton. “But more needs to be done to recognize the devastating impact of trauma and successful approaches to treatment.

Many trauma survivors have formed self-help groups to heal together. Researchers have learned how trauma changes the brain and alters behavior.

A movement for trauma-informed care has emerged to ensure that trauma is recognized and treated and that survivors are not re-victimized when they seek care.

“It is critical that these efforts strengthened and we heal the invisible wounds of trauma,” Dr. Ashton said. “They are crucial to promoting the healthy development of children and healthy behaviors in families, schools and communities that reduce the likelihood of trauma.”

Mental Health Month was created more than 50 years by Mental Health America, to raise awareness about mental health conditions and the importance of mental wellness for all.

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With over 1,600 clinician, academic, affiliate and student members, the Ohio Psychological Association (OPA) is nationally recognized as one of the preeminent state psychological associations. A well-established leader within the field, OPA works hard to ensure the science and professions of psychology remain vital, relevant and at the forefront in Ohio.